Local vs Global: Challenges in Geoinformatics and Earth observation to support sustainable development .my-logo-right[]

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.title[
# Local vs Global: Challenges in Geoinformatics and Earth observation to support sustainable development .my-logo-right[]
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.subtitle[
## <b></b>
]
.author[
### Dr Victor Maus<br>.font80[Institute for Ecological Economics<br>Vienna University of Economics and Business]<br>.font80[<a href="mailto:victor.maus@wu.ac.at" class="email">victor.maus@wu.ac.at</a>]<br>.font80[<a href='https://www.victor-maus.com'>www.victor-maus.com</a>]
]
.date[
### .right[.font80[Nov 21, 2022, SEED KTH, Stockholm].footnote-right[Except where otherwise noted, content on these slides is licensed under <a href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0'>CC BY-SA 4.0 license</a>]]
]

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# Global Resorce Use Research Group (GRU)

The overarch aim of GRU is to quantifying society's use of natural resources and its impacts globally

### Develop methods and data for the spatially explicit assessment of resource flows

- Global Material Flows Database https://www.resourcepanel.org/global-material-flows-database

- Global mining land use https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01547-4

- Food and Agriculture Biomass Input-Output Database (FABIO) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b03554

### State-of-the-art visualization tools to support UN SDGs monitoring

- Material flow Analysis Portal https://www.materialflows.net

- Sustainable Consumption and Production Hotspot Analysis Tool (SCP-HAT) http://scp-hat.lifecycleinitiative.org

- FINEPRINT geospatial data portal https://www.fineprint.global/visualisations

- And more https://www.fineprint.global

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.cc-bottom-right2.font-dark[
  Figure: &copy; 2021 Center for Global Development
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## **Linking global economic drivers of local changes is critical to support sustainable development**

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.font-dark.center.font150[
**Global mineral extraction is growing fast increasing the impacts and pressures in extractive regions worldwide**
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.cc-bottom-right3.font-dark[
  Source: [SCP-HAT http://scp-hat.lifecycleinitiative.org/module-2-scp-hotspots](http://scp-hat.lifecycleinitiative.org/module-2-scp-hotspots)
]

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background-image: url(https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Brumadinho%2C_Minas_Gerais_%2847021723582%29.jpg)
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.cc-bottom-right.font-light[Photo Brumadinho, Minas Gerais by Vinícius Mendonça/Ibama <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 2.0</a>]

.font-dark.center.font300.font-light[
**The mining industry does not disclose the geospatial information necessary for sustainability assessments**
]

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background-image: url(https://www.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/applications/observing_the_earth/copernicus/sentinel-2/19729272-10-eng-GB/Sentinel-2_pillars.jpg)
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.cc-bottom-left.font-light[Image: © <a href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-2">European Space Agency (ESA)</a>]

.center.font150.font-light[**Earth observation is the only viable data source for timely global assessments**]

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.font-dark.left.font150[**Global datasets derived from Earth observation lack local relevance**]

.footnote-right[[Map from ESA CCI Land cover viewer](http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/)]

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.center.font150[**With little training, humans can distinguish urban from mines in satellite images**]

.pull-left.center[
.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[
**Open cut of the Carajás Iron Mine, Brazil**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="./../img/carajas-mine-satellite.png" height="450"/>
  <div class="copyright-bottom-left2 font-light">Figure: <a href="https://www.fineprint.global/viewer">FINEPRINT Viewer</a></div>
</div>
]

.pull-right.center[
.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[
**Urban area of the Parauapebas municipality, Brazil**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="./../img/parauapebas-city-satellite.png" height="450"/>
  <div class="copyright-bottom-left2 font-light">Figure: <a href="https://www.fineprint.global/viewer">FINEPRINT Viewer</a></div>
</div>
]

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.footnote-right[.font-light[Figure: [FINEPRINT Viewer](https://www.fineprint.global/viewer)]]]
.footnote-left[[Maus et al. (2020, 2022)](http://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01547-4)]

.left-column.pl1.mt0.font120.left.bottom.font-light[
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
**45,000 Polygons**

**100,000 km²**

]

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.center.font170[**How to automatically monitor the expansion of mining?**]

.footnote-left[Luckeneder & Maus (Under review)]

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.center[
  <img src="./../img/example-cnn-coal-mine-classification.png" height="300"/>
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.center.font190[**Deep neural networks show promising results in delineating coal mining open pit with overall accuracy between 85% and 90%**]

.footnote-left[Maus et al. (Ongoing)]

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.pull-left.center[
.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[
**Regular spatial patterns**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="./../img/dog-by-Tiina-Hayha-CC-BY-SA-4-0.jpg" height="450"/>
  <div class="copyright-bottom-left2 font-light">Photo by Tiina Häyhä <a href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0'>CC BY-SA 4.0 license</a></div>
</div>
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.pull-right.center[
.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[
**Irregular spatial patterns**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="./../img/carajas-mine-satellite-dog.png" height="450"/>
  <div class="copyright-bottom-left2 font-light">Figure: <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/xDkqyGdMAn8ZJTZJ7">Google Maps</a></div>
</div>
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.center.font160[**Mapping mining areas requires spatial context, e.g. edges and relative size of objects. However, the spatial context of mines is highly heterogeneous**]

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.font-dark.left.font150.center[**How to cope with different types of mining areas, e.g. small-scale mining and large-scale industrial mining?**]

.pull-left.center[
.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[
**Small scale mining in Itaituba National Forest, Brazil**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="./../img/small-scale-mining-brazil.png" height="450"/>
</div>
]

.pull-right.center[
.bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw0.br3.shadow-5.mh1.mt0.font100[
**Super pit gold mine, Australia**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="./../img/large-scale-mining-australia.png" height="450"/>
</div>
]

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.pull-left[
.font-dark.left.font160.left[
Machine learning algorithms trained with non-representative spatial distribution samples produce unreliable results!
]]

.pull-right.center[
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-022-29838-9/MediaObjects/41467_2022_29838_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp" height="600"/>
  <div class="copyright-bottom-left2 font-light"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29838-9">Meyer & Pebesma, 2022</a></div>
</div>
]

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.font-dark.left.font150.center[
## Geoinformatics and Earth observation for sustainable development
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.font-dark.left.font150.center[
**Earth observation data and processing infrastructure are available, however, it is still challenging to produce trustworthy global information that is locally relevant**
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.pull-left.left[
Dr Victor Maus<br>.font100[Institute for Ecological Economics<br>Vienna University of Economics and Business]<br>.font100[victor.maus@wu.ac.at]<br>.font100[<a href='https://www.victor-maus.com'>www.victor-maus.com</a>]<br>
<img src="./../img/qrcode_www.victor-maus.com.png" height="190"/>
]

.pull-right.right[
  <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Logo_Wirtschaftsuniversit%C3%A4t_Wien.svg" height="150"/>
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.right[
  .font80[Nov 21, 2022, SEED KTH, Stockholm]<br>
  .font150[Thank you!]
]