.font100[Global Mining and Sustainability]

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.title[
# .font100[<strong>Global Mining and Sustainability</strong>]
]
.subtitle[
## .font90[Leveraging Satellite Earth Observation to Monitor Impacts of Mineral Extraction]
]
.author[
### <br>Dr Victor Maus
]
.institute[
### .font70[Institute for Ecological Economics<br> <span style="display:block; margin-top:-10px;">Vienna University of Economics and Business</span><br> <span style="display:block; margin-top:-44px;"><a href="mailto:victor.maus@wu.ac.at" class="email">victor.maus@wu.ac.at</a></span><br> <span style='display:block; margin-top:-45px;'><a href='https://www.victor-maus.com'>www.victor-maus.com</a><br>]</span>
]
.date[
### .lut-illustration[].wu-logo-mtg[].copyright-bottom-right.font60[Lappeenranta–Lahti University of Technology, Finland, May 15<sup>th</sup>, 2024]
]

---

layout: false
class: clear

.center[
<img src="./img/pnas-sonter2023.png" width="75%" />
]

.footnote-left[Source: [Sonter et al., 2023 PNAS](http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2307006120)]

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class: clear, center
background-image: url(https://www.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/applications/observing_the_earth/copernicus/sentinel-2/19729272-10-eng-GB/Sentinel-2_pillars.jpg)
background-size: cover

.cc-bottom-left.font-light[Image: © <a href="https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-2">European Space Agency (ESA)</a>]

---
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background-image: url(./img/global-mining-map.png)
background-size: cover

# .font-light[Global Mining Land Use]

.footnote-right[.font-light.font120[[Maus et al. (2020, 2022) Nature Sci. Data](http://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01547-4) Figure: [FINEPRINT Viewer](https://www.fineprint.global/viewer)]]

.left-column.pl1.mt0.font120.left.bottom.font-light[
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
**45,000 Polygons**

**100,000 km²**

]

---

# Deforestation Due to Mining

.left-column[
<img src="./img/wwf-report.png" width="100%" />
.footnote-left[Source: [WWF et al., 2023](https://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/Wald/WWF-Studie-Extracted-Forests.pdf)]
]

.right-column[
<img src="./img/wwf-report-result.png" width="95%" />
]

---

# Indirect Forest Cover Loss

.center[
<img src="./img/pnas-ind-def.png" width="75%" />
]

.footnote-left[Source: [Giljum et al., 2022 PNAS](http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118273119)]

---
# Forest Loss on Minerals Supply Chain

.center[
<img src="./img/forest-loss-mrio-res.png" width="90%" />
]

.footnote-left[Source: Luckeneder et al., (Under Review)]

---
# Earth System Impact of Mining

.footnote-left[Source: [Crona et al., 2023](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139523)]

---

# Mining and Development

.center[
<img src="./img/brazil-mining-dev.png" width="85%" />
]

.footnote-left[Source: Luckeneder et al., (Under Review)]

---
<img src="https://www.victor-maus.com/assets/talks/img/mine-time-tag.png" height="550"/>

## How to keep track of existing mines and new ones?

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# What is Mine Land Use?

.pull-left.center[
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="https://images.saymedia-content.com/.image/t_share/MTc0MTExODE4NDE4MzAwNDgy/key-concepts-of-the-philosophy-of-plato.jpg" height="450">
</div>
**Plato**
]

.pull-right.center[
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Ludwig_Wittgenstein_1929.jpg/220px-Ludwig_Wittgenstein_1929.jpg" height="450"/>
</div>
**Ludwig Wittgenstein**
]

---
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# Mine

<br>
<br>
<br>
.font150["*An excavation or system of excavations made underground for the extraction of metals or metallic ores, coal, salt, precious stones, (less commonly) building stone, clay, etc.; an open-air excavation for the extraction of such substances. Also: a place where such excavations are conducted. Source: Oxford English Dictionay*"]

---

# Semantic Segmentation Using AI

.center[
<img src="./img/segment-anything.png" width="90%" />
]

.footnote-left[Source: Jasansky & Maus (Ongoing)]

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layout: false
class: clear

.pull-left[
<img src="./img/maus2024-nature.png" width="90%" />
<img src="./img/gap_grid_map.png" width="90%" />
]

.footnote-left[Source: [Maus & Werner, 2024](http://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-04090-3)]

.pull-right[
<img src="https://media.nature.com/lw767/magazine-assets/d41586-023-04090-3/d41586-023-04090-3_26550018.png?as=webp" width="85%" />
]

---
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# Thank you!
.lut-illustration-large[].wu-logo-mtg[].copyright-bottom-right.font60[Lappeenranta–Lahti University of Technology, Finland, May 15<sup>th</sup>, 2024]

.pull-left.left[
Dr Victor Maus<br>.font90[Institute for Ecological Economics<br>Vienna University of Economics and Business]<br>.font90[victor.maus@wu.ac.at]<br>.font90[<a href='https://vwmaus.github.io'>vwmaus.github.io</a>]<br>
<img src="./../img/qrcode_www.victor-maus.com.png" height="190"/>
]

---

# Indirect Deforestation Modelling

.center[
<img src="./img/pnas-def-model.png" width="60%" />

]

.footnote-left[Source: [Giljum et al., 2022 PNAS](http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2118273119)]

---
# Minerals Supply Chain Modelling

.center[
<img src="./img/forest-loss-mrio.png" width="80%" />
]

.footnote-left[Source: Luckeneder et al., (Under Review)]

---
# Visual Interpretation of Mining Areas

.pull-left.center[
.font100[
**Open cut of the Carajás Iron Mine, Brazil**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="https://www.victor-maus.com/assets/talks/img/carajas-mine-satellite.png" height="400">
  <div class="copyright-bottom-left2 font-light">Figure: <a href="https://www.fineprint.global/viewer">FINEPRINT Viewer</a></div>
</div>
]

.pull-right.center[
.font100[
**Parauapebas municipality, Brazil**
]
<div class="copyright-container">
  <img src="https://www.victor-maus.com/assets/talks/img/parauapebas-city-satellite.png" height="400"/>
  <div class="copyright-bottom-left2 font-light">Figure: <a href="https://www.fineprint.global/viewer">FINEPRINT Viewer</a></div>
</div>
]